CONTENT Bethal up to the end of last century ............................................................ 3 Education in Bethal during the last century .............................................. 15 Spiritual care before the war ..................................................................... 19 Bethal and the Second Freedom War ........................................................ 22 Bethal Town Council .................................................................................. 38 Schools in Bethal 1903 – 1980 ................................................................... 57 Spiritual care 1902 – 1980 ......................................................................... 73 The co-operative ideas ............................................................................... 80 Economic development of Bethal .............................................................. 90 Artists ....................................................................................................... 110 The Bethal Indian Community ................................................................. 115 The African Neighbourhood..................................................................... 123 Extracts from Bethal’s History ................................................................. 127 References and Acknowledgements ........................................................ 139 List of Photos, Maps, Documents and illustrations ................................. 140 1
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