Teachers Understand How Students Develop and Learn · Teachers understand that students have different cognitive strengths. · Teachers use theoretical knowledge and practical experience. · Teachers help students make learning relevant and advance their skills across academic settings. · Teachers provide opportunities to demonstrate knowledge and abilities in a variety of ways. · Teachers know that social and cultural backgrounds play a part in how abilities are valued. · Teachers develop an array of strategies for sharing differences, identifying similarities, and embracing diversity within the learning environment. Stage Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operational Formal operational Age Piaget’s Four Stages of Development Characteristics Birth to 18-24 months 2 to 7 years old Motor activity without use of symbols, or trial and error. Development of language, memory, and imagination. Intelligence is both egocentric and intuitive 7 to 11 years old Adolescence to adulthood More logical and methodical manipulation of symbols. Less egocentric, and more aware of the outside world and events. Use of symbols to relate to abstract concepts. Able to make hypotheses and grasp abstract concepts and relationships. Cognitive Skills Important for Student Learning · Sustained Attention—basic ability to look at, listen to, and think about classroom tasks · Response Inhibition—the ability to inhibit one’s own response to distractions · Speed of Information Processing—how quickly a learner can process incoming information · Cognitive Flexibility and Control—the ability to change what and how you are thinking · Multiple Simultaneous Attention—the ability to multitask with success · Working Memory—the ability to remember instructions or keep information long enough to perform tasks · Category Formation—the ability to organize information, concepts, and skills into categories · Pattern Recognition and Inductive Thinking— an ability to find patterns and figure out what will happen next (c8sciences.com) Goal Object permanence Symbolic thought Operational thought Abstract concepts (Healthline.com)
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