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ENDNOTES
1 See, e.g., Michel Forst, Supporting and protecting defenders who work on business and human rights, INT’L
SERVICE FOR HUM. RTS., (Nov. 16, 2014), http://www.ishr.ch/news/supporting-‐and-‐protecting-‐defenders-‐who-work-‐business-‐and-‐human-‐rights
[hereinafter Forst article]; INTERNATIONAL SERVICE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS, THE ROLE OF
BUSINESS AND STATES IN VIOLATIONS AGAINST HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS OF LAND RIGHTS, THE RIGHT TO TERRITORY AND RIGHTS
RELATED TO THE ENVIRONMENT (2015) [hereinafter ISHR Role of Business and States]; HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH, AT YOUR
OWN RISK: REPRISALS AGAINST CRITICS OF WORLD BANK GROUP PROJECTS (2015) [hereinafter At Your Own Risk]; GLOBAL
WITNESS, HOW MANY MORE? 2014’S DEADLY ENVIRONMENT: THE KILLING AND INTIMIDATION OF EVIRONMENTAL AND LAW
ACTIVISTS, WITH A SPOTLIGHT ON HONDURAS (2015) [hereinafter How Many More?]; FIDH, “WE ARE NOT AFRAID” LAND
RIGHTS DEFEDERS: ATTACKED FOR CONFRONTING UNBRIDLED DEVELOPMENT (2014) [hereinafter We Are Not Afraid].
2 U.N. Secretary-‐General, Situation of Human Rights Defenders, U.N. Doc. A/68/262 (Aug. 5, 2013)[hereinafter
Situation of HRDs Aug. 2013]; Secretariat for the Human Rights Council (HRC), Special Rapporteur on the
situation of human rights defenders, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/31/55 (Feb. 1, 2016)[hereinafter Special Rapporteur HRD
Feb. 2016]; HRC, Protecting human rights defenders, whether individuals, groups or organs of society,
addressing economic, social and cultural rights, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/31/L.28 (Mar. 21, 2016) [hereinafter HRDs ESC
Rights]; INTER-‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS, SECOND REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS IN
THE AMERICAS, OEA/Ser.L/V/II. (2011).
3 See, e.g., INTERNATIONAL SERVICE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS, HUMAN RIGHTS MONITOR—NOVEMBER 2015 (2015); INTERNATIONAL
SERVICE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS, HUMAN RIGHTS MONITOR—DECEMBER 2014 (2014).
4 See Micheal Ineichen, Human rights defenders must be at core of developing the business and human rights
agendas, INT’L SERVICE FOR HUM. RTS., (Nov. 25, 2014), http://www.ishr.ch/news/human-‐rights-‐defenders-‐must-be-‐core-‐developing-‐business-‐and-‐human-‐rights-‐agendas;
Sara Blackwell, Incorporating human rights defenders
into the global trend of National Action Plans on Business and Human Rights, INT’L SERVICE FOR HUM. RTS., (Oct. 21,
2015), http://www.ishr.ch/news/incorporating-‐human-‐rights-‐defenders-‐global-‐trend-‐national-‐action-‐plans-business-‐and-‐human;
Sara Blackwell & Katie Shay, The role of National Action Plans on Business and Human
Rights in protecting human rights defenders, INT’L SERVICE FOR HUM. RTS., (Nov. 15, 2014),
http://www.ishr.ch/news/role-‐national-‐action-‐plans-‐business-‐and-‐human-‐rights-‐protecting-‐human-‐rights-defenders.
5
Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations “Protect, Respect and
Remedy” Framework, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/17/31 (2011) [hereinafter UNGPs].
6 Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and
Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, G.A. Res. 53/144 (Dec. 9, 1998)
[hereinafter UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders].
7 See, e.g., HRDs ESC Rights, supra note 2; Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights
defenders, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/25/55 (Margaret Sekaggya, Dec. 23, 2013) [hereinafter Special Rapporteur HRD
Dec. 2013]; Special Rapporteur HRD Feb. 2016, supra note 2; Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation
of human rights defenders, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/16/44 (Margaret Sekaggya, Dec. 20, 2010); Report of the Special
Rapporteur on the rights of freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/29/25 (Maina
Kiai, Apr. 28, 2015); CRIMINALIZATION OF THE WORK OF HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS, OEA/Ser.L/V/II.Doc.49/15 (2015);
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, AFRO-‐DESCENDENT COMMUNITIES, AND NATURAL RESOURCES: HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT
OF EXTRACTION, EXPLOITATION, AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES, OEA/Ser.L/V/II.Doc.47/15 (2015).
8 ISHR Role of Business and States, supra note 1; INTERNATIONAL SERVICE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS, A HUMAN RIGHTS
DEFENDER TOOLKIT FOR PROMOTING BUSINESS RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS (2015); HOW MANY MORE?, supra note 1; WE
ARE NOT AFRAID, supra note 1.
9 See, e.g., Owen Larter, Microsoft & DLA Piper—Why human rights and human rights defenders are right for
our business, INT’L SERVICE FOR HUM. RTS. (NOV. 16, 2014), http://www.ishr.ch/news/microsoft-‐dla-‐piper-‐why-human-‐rights-‐and-‐human-‐rights-‐defenders-‐are-‐right-‐our-‐business.
10
DANISH INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS & INTERNATIONAL CORPORATE ACCOUNTABILITY ROUNDTABLE, NATIONAL ACTION PLANS
ON BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A TOOLKIT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW OF STATE COMMITMENTS TO
BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS FRAMEWORKS (2014).
11 DANISH INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS, INTERNATIONAL CORPORATE ACCOUNTABILITY ROUNDTABLE, & UNICEF, CHILDREN’S
RIGHTS IN NATIONAL ACTION PLANS (NAPS) ON BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS (2015).
12 UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders, supra note 6.
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