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collagen and EUR 5 million for other active or functional marine ingredients, summing up to approx. EUR 60 million “marine biotechnology extract” sales in the cosmetic sector. The cosmetic market space is intensely innovative, with approximately 7,000 new or improved ingredients released, annually, based on natural products. Still marine biotechnology and its products and services in the cosmetics sector are in their infancy and underdeveloped compared to their potential. Reasons for this evaluation are the existing demand of new ingredients, the (still) positive annotation of the ocean, and the high biodiversity (all 33 animal clades are living in the sea, only 15 on land). Table 0.13 Drivers and barriers for the cosmetic sector Drivers of marine biotechnology in the cosmetic sector Drivers Existing Drivers Current extent evolving in absence of measures A vivid and growing market Strong demand of innovations, i.e. new active and functional ingredients Organic and nature orientated consumer needs Helpful marketing propositions: grand and mystical connotation of “the ocean” Knowledge about marine living resources Research facilities Highly developed SME landscape Knowledge and technology base Development time and efforts +++ strong, ++ medium, + small, ↑ supporting drivers Table 0.14 Barriers of marine biotechnology in the cosmetic sector barriers Existing Barriers Current extent evolving in absence of measures Limitation of sustainable sources of natural products Regulations Financing, venture capital, high costs of innovative techniques and products Non-existent synergistic concept of sustainability and MBT and its clear communication Non-existent embedding of MBT into technology transfer policy and other administrative concepts (e.g. Integrated Coastal Zone Management, fishery policy) Subjective un-alluring sector in researcher's minds compared to pharma or medical product sector +++ strong, ++ medium, + small, ↓suppressing barriers + ++ +++ ++ ++ +++ +++ +++ ++ ++ barriers evolving with successful measures + ↓ + ↓ + ↓ + ↓ + ↓ ++ +++ ++ + + + ++ ++ ++ ++ +++ ++ + + + ++ ++ + Drivers evolving with successful measures +++ ↑ +++ ++ ++ ↑ +++ ↑ ++ ↑ +++ ↑ +++ ↑ +++ ↑ ++ ++ + ↓ Study in support of Impact Assessment work on Blue Biotechnology 131

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