Limited Aggregation • Small participation size • Data/communication cost • Large number of data points • Computation burden The Aggregation Balance Broad Aggregation • Transmission flow error • Potential reliability risk • Market inefficiency (Nodal versus Zonal) • Visibility/forecast challenges • State boundaries According to FERC, U.S. DER capacity could come close to equaling 10% of U.S. peak demand in five years 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 Distributed Generation Distributed Energy Storage Microgrids Electric Vehicle Charging Load Demand Response Energy Efficiency 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Source: Distributed Energy Resources: Technical Considerations for Bulk Power Systems, FERC Staff Report, February 2018 11 MW
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