Journal of IiME Volume 3 Issue 1 www.investinme.org Similarities of ME/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): Comparisons of Co-Infections (continued) 11. Takahashi H, Arai S, Tanaka-Taya K, Okabe N. Autism and infection/immunization episodes in Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2001; 54:78-79. 12. Nasralla M, Haier J, Nicolson GL. Multiple mycoplasmal infections detected in blood of Chronic Fatigue and Fibromyalgia Syndrome patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1999; 18:859–65. 13. Nicolson GL, Nasralla M, Gan R et al. Evidence for bacterial (mycoplasma, Chlamydia) and viral (HHV-6) co-infections in chronic fatigue syndrome patients. J Chronic Fatigue Syndr 2003; 11(2):7-20. 14. Nicolson GL, Gan R, Haier J. Multiple coinfections (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, human herpesvirus-6) in blood of chronic fatigue syndrome patients: association with signs and symptoms. APMIS 2003; 111:55766. 15. Fukuda K, Strauss SE et al. The Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. Ann Intern Med 1994; 121:953-959. 16. Lord C, Pickles A, McLennan J, Rutter M, Bregman J, Folstein S, Fombonne E, Leboyer M, Minshew N. Diagnosing autism: analyses of data from the Autism Diagnostic Interview. J Autism Dev Disord 1997; 27:501517. 17. Van Bourgondien ME, Marcus LM, Schopler E. Comparison of DSM-III-R and childhood autism rating scale diagnoses of autism. J Autism Dev Disord 1992; 22:493-506. 18. Pilowsky T, Yirmiya N, Shulman C, Dover R. The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale: differences between diagnostic systems and comparison between genders. J Autism Dev Disord 1998; 28:143-151. 19. Tanoue Y, Oda S, Asano F, Kawashima K. Epidemiology of infantile autism in southern Ibaraki, Japan differences in prevalence in birth cohorts. J Autism Dev Disord 1988; 18:155-166. 20. Ciaranello AL, Ciaranello RD. The neurobiology of infantile autism. Annu Rev Neurosci 1995; 18:101-128. 21. Wilkerson DS, Volpe AG, Dean RS, Titus JB. Perinatal complications as predictors of infantile autism. Int J Neurosci 2002; Invest in ME (Charity Nr. 1114035) 112:1085-1098. 22. Libbey JE, Sweeten TL, McMahon WM, Fujinami RS. Autistic disorder and viral infections. J Neurovirol 2005; 11:1-10. 23. Lipkin WI, Hornig M. Microbiology and immunology of autism spectrum disorders. Novartis Found Symp 2003; 251:129-143. 24. Kidd P. Autism, and extreme challenge to integrative medicine. Part II: Medical management. Altern Med Rev 2002; 7:472-499. ME FACTS In many of the published studies, graded exercise therapy has been adopted as a component of the CBT programme (i.e. graded exercise was used as a way to diminish avoidance behaviour towards physical activity). Unfortunately, the studies examining the effectiveness of GET/CBT in ME/CFS did not use musculoskeletal pain as an outcome measure (and) none of the studies applied the current diagnostic criteria for ME/CFS. From a large treatment audit amongst British ME/CFS patients, it was concluded that approximately 50% stated that GET worsened their condition. Finally, graded exercise therapy does not comply with our current understanding of ME/CFS exercise physiology. Evidence is now available showing increased oxidative stress in response to (sub)maximal exercise and subsequent increased fatigue and post-exertional malaise - Belgian researchers Nijs and De Meirleir (Manual Therapy 2006: Aug. 11(3):187189). Page 20/76
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