Journal of IiME Volume 3 Issue 1 www.investinme.org Similarities of ME/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): Comparisons of Co-Infections (continued) TABLE 3. Prevalence and Odds Ratio Analysis of Systemic Infections Between 100 CFS Patients and 100 Healthy Control Subjects. Type of infection Number Infected HHV-6 C. Pneumoniae Mycoplasma spp. M. pneumoniae M. fermentans M. honinis M. penetrans Single mycoplasmal infection Multiple mycoplasmal infections M. fermentans +M. pneumoniae M. fermentans +M. hominis M. pneumoniae +M. hominis M. fermentans +M. hominis + M. pneumoniae Mycoplasma + HHV-6 Mycoplasma + C. pneumoniae C. pneumoniae + HHV-6 CFS Patients n = 100 71 31 8 51 29 22 16 8 29 22 10 7 3 2 16 4 3 Control Subjects n = 100 12 9 1 7 3 2 1 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Odds Ratio, 95% CL, p or Chi2 18.0, 8.5-37.9, p< 0.001 4.5, 2.0-10.2, p< 0.001 8.6, 1.0-71.1, p< 0.01 13.8, 5.8-32.9, p< 0.001 13.2, 3.8-45.4, p< 0.001 13.8, 3.1-61.1, p< 0.001 18.8, 2.4-147.0, p< 0.001 8.6, 1.0-71.1, p< 0.01 13.8, 5.8-32.9, p< 0.001 Chi2 = 24.7, p< 0.001 Chi2 = 10.5, p< 0.001 Chi2 = 7.3, p< 0.007 Chi2 = 3.1, p< 0.08 Chi2 = 2.0, p= 0.16 Chi2 = 17.4, p< 0.001 Chi2 = 4.1, p< 0.04 Chi2 = 3.1, p< 0.08 2/45 (4.7%) age-matched control subjects (Odds Ratio=13.8, p<0.001) (Table 4). C. pneumoniae infections were found in 4/48 or 8.3% of ASD patients and in 1/45 or 2.1% of control subjects (Odds Ratio=5.6, p< 0.01) (Table 4). We also examined the incidence of HHV-6 infections in ASD patients and found that 14/48 or 29.2% of ASD patients were positive compared to 4/45 (8.8%) positives in age-matched control subjects (Odds Ratio=4.5, p<0.01). We did not find any multiple co-infections in control subjects. The differences between infections in ASD patients and control subjects were highly significant (Odds Ratio=16.5, p< 0.001). Significant differences were not found in the prevalence of infections in urban and rural patients, in male or female patients or between autism and other ASD diagnoses. DISCUSSION In contrast to the ASD children in military families where primarily one species of Invest in ME (Charity Nr. 1114035) Page 17/76
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