ISBN: - 978-93-88936-09-5 year ended March 2016. Even though the trappable area under natural rubber was 559,000 ha during 2015-16, only 391,000 ha has contributed to the NR production during the year. Consequently, the average yield, measured in terms of production per hectare of tapped area, declined during the year to 1,437 kg/ ha as against 1,443 kg/ha in the previous year. During 2016-17, the country is anticipated to produce 654,000 tonnes of NR up 16 per cent on year. 3.11 WORLD RUBBER SCEANERIO: The U.S.A the West Germany, France, Netherland, Australia, Canada, India, Japan and Brazil are the most important Rubber manufacturing countries in the world. The natural rubber is produced and supplied by Malaysia, Indonesia, Leyland, Vietnam, Cambodia, India, Thailand and Brazil. In 2009 Indonesia stands first with total area of 5290 lakhs hectares in the world and followed by the Thailand, Malaysia, China and India. Export of natural rubber from India for the last 10 years showed a remarkable increase. The creditability of Indian NR in international rubber market is now established in more than 45 countries there include mainly China, Malaysia, USA, Sri Lanka, Australia, EU countries etc. Quality of tapping is good in the estate sectors of India, Vietnam and Cambodia whereas it is only satisfactory in other countries. With regard to the small holdings, quality of tapping is poor in Thailand and Vietnam while in other countries it is only satisfactory. Majority of tappers are females in all countries except in India and Cambodia. In Malaysia 60 percent of the tappers are women. 3.12 GLOBAL INDUSTRIAL DEMAND FOR RUBBER The world NR economy was the immediate outcome of geographical expansion of modern world system. The improvement in the means of transport and communications helped in the evolution of a world market (Marx-1974, 363). In the later part of 19th century western imperialist countries found out the possibilities of trade in NR. Later the uses of NR increased with the scientific discoveries and technological advancement, especially with the popularity of automotive vehicles. The aggressive spatial expansion of colonialists was with the help of automobile industry. Thus after the two global wars of twentieth century NR has evolved as the leading industrial raw material in the world-economy. At first trade in Wild Rubber (hereafter WR) was the interest of merchant capital. Later corporate capital of western world took interest in plantation economy. After the decline of British hegemony and the ascension of US, corporate capital withdrew from the plantation sector. 66
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