Chapter 1: Introduction AI is advancing exponentially (see Figure 1), with powerful new AI features for generating images and text becoming available to the public, and leading to changes in how people create text and images. The advances in AI are not only happening in research labs but also are making news in mainstream media and in educational-specific publications. Researchers have articulated a range of concepts and frameworks for ethical AI, as well as for related concepts such as equitable, responsible, and human-centered AI. Listening session participants called for building on these concepts and frameworks but also recognized the need to do more; participants noted a pressing need for guardrails and guidelines that make educational use of AI advances safe, especially given this accelerating pace of incorporation of AI into mainstream technologies. As policy development takes time, policy makers and educational constituents together need to start now to specify the requirements, disclosures, regulations, and other structures that can shape a positive and safe future for all constituents—especially students and teachers. Policies are urgently needed to implement the following: 1. Leverage automation to advance learning outcomes while protecting human decision making and judgment; 2. Interrogate the underlying data quality in AI models to ensure fair and unbiased pattern recognition and decision making in educational applications, based on accurate information appropriate to the pedagogical situation; P a g e | 8
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