25 by Franklyn Michael I have found that one of the most challenging of the issues in helping to prepare communities for the effects of hurricanes is that there is a tendency to focus on the features of the storms themselves and not on the effects that we have to deal with after. In that regard I have developed the concept of the Seven Ds (7Ds) of Disaster and applied it to hurricanes. The graphic below displays the concept: DEATH The graphic starts with death. Hurricanes have been responsible for deaths. It must be stated that most of the deaths caused by hurricanes happen because of flooding and storm surge at the coastline or inland flooding. It is seldom that many deaths are directly caused by the force of the wind. It now appears that our CARICAD member states have become increasing proficient at saving lives during hurricanes. The number of deaths recorded even after a major hurricane is usually low (thankfully). DAMAGE Hurricanes cause extensive damage. The damage occurs across all sectors in the natural and built environments. All economic sectors, the public, social and community sectors suffer damage. The damage can result from a combination of strong winds, heavy rains, landslides and floods. Secondary damage may occur from exposure to the elements after the initial hurricane impact. The list of areas where damage can occur is as broad as human everyday living experience: Coastlines, beaches and reefs Forests and vegetation Houses and household appliances, furniture and equipment Personal items – clothing, mementos Commercial buildings and services Social infrastructure – hospitals and clinics, Schools and other institutions of learning Office complexes Airports and ports Roads Bridges Boats – commercial and pleasure Vehicles Continues on next page
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