22 • July 26 - 28, 2020 HISTORY bransonglobe.com Today in History: Movies, sports and more • 657 Battle of Siffin during the first Muslim civil war between Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muawiyah I beside Euphrates River • 1519 Francisco Pizarro receives royal charter for the west coast of South America • 1533 Francisco Pizarro orders the death of the last Sapa Inca Emperor, Atahualpa • 1579 Francis Drake leaves San Francisco to cross Pacific Ocean • 1609 English mathematician Thomas Harriot is the first person to draw a map of the Moon • by looking through a telescope • 1755 Giacomo Casanova is arrested in Venice for affront to religion and common decency and imprisoned in the Doge’s Palace • 1775 US Continental Congress creates United States Post Office (U.S.P.O.) in Philadelphia under Benjamin Franklin • 1788 New York becomes 11th state to ratify US constitution 1803 The Surrey Iron Railway, arguably the world’s first public railway, opens in south London • 1835 1st sugar cane plantation started in Hawaii • 1878 In California, poet and American West outlaw calling himself “Black Bart” makes his last clean getaway when he steals a safe box from a Wells Fargo stagecoach. The empty box found later with a taunting poem inside. • 1903 1st automobile trip across the United States (San Francisco to New York) completed by Horatio Nelson Jackson and Sewall K. Crocker • 1908 United States Attorney General Charles Joseph Bonaparte issues an order to immediately staff the Office of the Chief Examiner (later renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation) • 1917 J. Edgar Hoover gets job in US Department of Justice • • 1945 Declaration of Potsdam: US, Britain and China demand the unconditional surrender of Japan during WWII Japanese 1945 government disregards US ultimatum • 1945 US cruiser Indianapolis reaches Tinian with atom bomb • 1945 Physicist Raemer Schreiber and Lieutenant Colonel Peer de Silva depart Kirtland Army Air Field to transport the plutonium core for the Fat Man bomb (bombing of Nagasaki) to the island of Tinian where the bomb is assembled • 1946 Aloha Airlines began service from Honolulu International Airport • 1947 President Truman signs National Security Act (1947), establishing Department of Defense, CIA, National Security Council and Joint Chiefs of Staff • 1948 President Harry Truman issues Executive Order No. 9981 to desegregate the US armed forces, directing “equality of treatment and opportunity” in the military • 1953 Fidel Castro leads a failed attack on the Moncada Barracks, intended to spark a revolution in Cuba • 1964 Teamsters President and US union leader Jimmy Hoffa convicted of fraud and conspiracy • • • Apollo 15 launched (Scott and Irwin) to 4th manned landing on Moon 1971 1972 Rockwell receives NASA contract to construct Space Shuttle 1981 New York Mayor Ed Koch is given the Heimlich EXP. 7/31/20
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