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u;k vkSj vkRefuHkZj Hkkjr] vkjf{kr ughaA gekjs ns'k esa lHkh dks thus dk lkekU; vf/kdkj gSA lHkh dks f”k{kk] izxfr] “kklu “kkld cuus dk leku vf/kdkj gSA ij vkt dqN [kqn gh vius vkidks vkSj vius lekt dks uhpk fn[kkdj vkSjksa dh vis{kk de vkads tkus dh ekax djrs ns[ks tkrs gSaA esjk ekuuk gS fd ns'k esa fodkl dh dM+h dks tksM+us ds fy, vkj{k.k :ih ,sfrgkfld igy rks dh xbZ vkSj bfrgkl Hkh cuk exj fodkl ;k izxfr dk ugha cfYd dqN ds Hkys] Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj fouk'k dkA vkj{k.k ds dkj.k ge ckj ckj detksj yksxksa ds gkFkksa esa vius ns'k dh deku Fkek nsrs jgs gaSA tks mldks Fkkeus yk;d Fks gh ughaA cl mUgsa rks ;g ekSdk vkius vkj{k.k ds vk/kkj ij nsrs jgs gaSA vkj{k.k ds izk:i cukus okyksa us vkleku dh cqyafn;ksa dh dYiuk fd;k Fkk ijarq fjTkYV vkids lkeus gSA dqN] ;kfu eqV~Bh Hkj ifjokj ek=A gekjk ns'k vkfFkZd :Ik ls xjhc vkt Hkh ugha gS exj 'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld viax t:j gks pqdk gS bldk ,d dkj.k >qu>quk vkj{k.k Hkh gSA vkt vkj{k.k uke dk >qu>quk Fkek dj gekjs usrk çR;{k :i ls rks gekjs 'kqHkfpard çrhr gksrs gSa ij lPpkbZ blls fcYdqy mYVk gS( tks le; le; ij lkfcr Hkh gksrk jgk gSA Hkkjr dh tula[;k esa cgqrk;r vkjf{kr oxZ ds ca/kqvksa dh gSA ,sls esa oks pkgrs gh ugha fd gekjs ,sls ca/kq ekufld vdeZ.;rk vFkok fodykaxrk dh csfM+;ksa ls eqä gksa] D;ksafd oks vius oksV cSad dks [kksuk ugha pkgrs oks ugha pkgrs fd gekjs ,sls ca/kq brus ltx vkSj fopkjoku gks tk;sa fd mudh gjsd pkyksa dks le> tk;saA vxj gekjs usrkx.k brus gh 'kqHkfpard gksrs rks vkj{k.k dh lhek r; djus dh t:jr ugha gksuh pkfg, FkhA blds cnys esa gksuk ;s pkfg, Fkk fd lHkh fiNM+s oxZ ds yksxksa dks f'k{kk] fpfdRlk] ijh{kk vFkok f'k{kk ds fy, vkokxeu] vkfn dh O;oLFkk- dj nsrsA ;g vkj{k.k dsoy gesa ,d lhfer lalk/ku tqVk jgk gS ftlls ge dsoy viuh foDykaxrk gh Nqik ldrs gSa vkSj ge vlkekU; gh cus jg ldrs gSaA vc vki le> ldrs gSa fd oS”kk[kh ls vPNk gS fd ge yM+[kM+krs gq, gh lgh vius dneksa ij [kM+k gksuk pkfg, vkSj vlkekU; ls lkekU; dh Js.kh esa ykuk pkfg, otk; blds fd ge oS”kk[kh ;k Oghy ps;j ds lgkjs nkSM+ yxk dj eafty gkfly djsa- ,d 'ksj dks cM+s ls ckM+s esa LoPNUn NksM+ nsus vkSj ml {ks= esa fdlh vkSj ds vfrØe.k ls jksd nsus ls 'ksj dks [kq'k ugha gksuk pkfg,A mls rks iwjk taxy ij jkt djus dk vf/kdkj gS c'krsZ fd oks eqdkcyk djs vkSj [kqn dh {kerk dks lkfcr djs- vkidks ;kn djuk gS fd 1882 esa gaVj deh'ku ls 'kq: gqbZ bl vkj{k.k ç.kkyh dk 1932 esa vaxzstksa us viuh lÙkk dk ç;ksx djrs gq, ,d lkaçnkf;d caVokjs ds rgr nfyrksa vkSj vU; /keksaZ dks ckaVus ds fy, fd;k FkkA egkRek xka/kh us bldh dM+h eq[kkyQr dh] ysfdu varr% og bl eqís ij vacsMdj ds lkFk le>kSrs ds fy, rS;kj gks x, FksA ns'k dh vkj{k.k uhfr ls tqM+s reke igyqvksa ij xaHkhjrk ds lkFk ppkZ gksA çfrfuf/kRo lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, vxj fyax] leqnk; ;k {ks= vk/kkfjr vkj{k.k fn;k tkrk gS rks mls xyr ugha dgk tk ldrk ysfdu( vkj{k.k ds bl çko/kku ds rgr ;ksX;rk dks njfdukj djus dk gh ifj.kke gS fd czsu Mªsu dks yxkrkj c<+kok fey jgk gSA esjk ekuuk gS fd çfrHkk ds u"V gksus ls csgrj gS fd og iyk;u dj tk,A gesa ;g ugha Hkwyuk pkfg, fd vkj{k.k O;oLFkk dk mís'; tkfr ij tksj nsuk ugha] tkfr dks [kRe djuk FkkA vesfjdk tSls ns'kksa es Hkh vQjesfVo ,D'ku ds rgr v'osr yksxksa ds fy, vkj{k.k dk çko/kku fd;k x;k Fkk] ysfdu mlds nwjxkeh udkjkRed vlj dks ns[krs gq, bls lekIr fd, tkus dh fn'kk esa lkdkjkRed ç;kl fd, tk jgs gSaA vius ekSfyd :i esa tks vkj{k.k uhfr viukbZ xbZ Fkh] mls iwjh rjg [kkfjt djus ds fy, ;g cgl ugha gSA le; ds lkFk vkjf{kr oxZ ds Hkhrj ,d vfHktkR; oxZ us iSB tek yh vkSj lkekftd U;k; ds Qk;nksa dks fupys rcds rd igqapus ls jksd fn;kA viuh jktuhfrd rkdr dk bLrseky djrs gq, bl oxZ us vkj{k.k dh ik=rk ij gksus okyh gj cgl dks detksj fd;kA ns'k dh ekStwnk ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks ns[krs gq, ;g loky iwNk tk ldrk gS fd vkj{k.k dks vkxs tkjh j[kus ds vkfFkZd ifj.kke D;k gks ldrs gSa\ lkoZtfud rkSj ij dksbZ Hkh vkj{k.k ds ckjs esa [kqydj ckr ugha djrkA bls lÙkk yksyqirk dgsa ;k lÙkk [kksus dk Mj] ledkyhu jktuhfrd ifj–'; esa Hkh fdlh usrk us vkj{k.k ds fy, ,d u, fljs ls cgl fd fgEer ugha fn[kkbZ gSA dqy feykdj ;g ,d jktuSfrd gFkdaMk gS] ftls ikfVZ;ka pquko ds le; viukrh gSA pwafd ;g eqík lh/ks&lh/ks tuk/kkj vkSj oksV cSad ls tqM+k gS] blfy, gj jktuhfrd ikVhZ bl eqís ij ges'kk ls lko/kkuh cjrrh jgh gSA oksV cSad fd jktuhfr ds fy, vkj{k.k dk [ksy [ksyuk ns'k vkSj lekt esa vfLFkjrk vkSj vO;oLFkk dks c<+kok nsxhA ;g ckr r; gS fd vc ?kM+h vk xbZ gS] tc ljdkj dks fjtosZ'ku flLVe ds ckjs esa xaHkhjrk ls lksprs gq, ,d lkdkjkRed cgl dh rjQ c<+uk pkfg,A vki esjs jk’Vªh; fgr esa oSpkfjd izokg ds lanHkZ dks le> pqds gksaxsA ge u;k vkSj vkRefuHkZj Hkkjr pkgrsa gS( vkjf{kr ughaA

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