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THE MALDEN ADVOCATE–Friday, April 12, 2024 Page 17 ANNIVERSARY | FROM PAGE 3 portance for England. He told: “First, the ground is so fertile that questionless it is capable of producing any grain, fruits, or seeds you will sow or plant... All sorts of cattle may here be bred and fed in the isles or peninsulas securely for nothing. In the interim till they increase, if need be (observing the seasons)... In March, April, May, and half June here is cod in abundance; in May, June, July, and August, mullet and sturgeon, whose roes do make caviare and puttargo... In the end of August, September, October, and November you have cod again to make cor-fi sh or poor-john... so that half the labor in hooking, splitting, and turning is saved...” Because of Smith’s publications, Pilgrims and Puritans knew that life in the New World required a lot of eff ort and hard work. He advised the future New England colonists: “In the isles you may keep your hogs, horse, cattle, rabbits, or poultry secure for little or nothing, and to command when you list; only having a care of provision for some extraordinary cold winter. In these isles, as in the mainland, you may make your nurseries for fruits and plants where you put no cattle; in the main you may shape your orchards, vineyards, pastures, gardens, walks, parks, and cornfi elds out of the whole piece as you please into such plots, one adjoining to another, leaving every of them environed with two, three, four, or six, or so many rows of well grown trees as you will, ready grown to your hands...Now in New England the trees are commonly lower, but much thicker and fi rmer wood, and more proper for shipping...” Smith’s books inspired the immigration to America. According to him, “Here every man may be master and owner of his own labor and land... If he has nothing but his hands, he may...by industry quickly grow rich.” Smith’s stories about America were especially valuable, because, contrary to the instructions of the voyages’ sponsors, he did not try to hide the diffi culties. Smith’s descriptions and maps of New England helped many immigrants a few years later. Gradually, Puritans in England and expatriates in European countries began to obtain royal charters to colonize America, organizing joint ventures, such as the Plymouth Council of New England, the Dorchester Company, the New England Company and the Massachusetts Bay Company. The name “New England” was offi ciated on November 3, 1620, in a royal charter for the Plymouth Council for New England, a jointstock company founded for colonization and ruling the region. King James I granted to the Council the territory lying between 40–48 degrees north latitude and in length by all this breadth throughout the main land, from sea to sea. In 1621/22, Plymouth colonists occasionally visited the future Boston harbor. Among those who played a signifi cant role in the foundation and development of Massachusetts were Sir Ferdinando Gorges and his sons, Rev. John White, Sir Robert Saltonstall and a few others. Sir Ferdinando Gorges (1565– 1647) was a military commander, who, for his honorable service in the royal navy during the war with Spain, in 1604 was appointed the governor of Plymouth. In 1620 he, together with several associates of the Plymouth Company, organized the Council for New England, which, by the royal patent of November 3, 1620, got a grant for the territory between modern Philadelphia and St. John’s, Newfoundland. He planned to establish the aristocratic, Anglican province and to distribute the land among the council’s 40 members, who could create manors and fi efs. The Council existed until 1635 and provided basis for the foundation of the Plymouth Colony, Massachusetts Bay Colony, the New Haven Colony, the Province of New Hampshire and the Province of Maine. In 1622, Gorges and Capt. John Mason (1586–1635), Governor of Newfoundland (1615–21), got a sub-grant for the future province of Maine, between the Merrimack and Kennebec Rivers. In 1629, Gorges and Mason divided the colony, with Mason’s portion south of the Piscataqua River becoming the Province of New Hampshire, which included most of the southeastern part of the current state of New Hampshire and portions of the present-day Massachusetts north of the Merrimack. Mason was named “Founder of New Hampshire” and appointed fi rst vice-admiral of New England in 1635, though he never set foot in New England. He died that same year while preparing for his fi rst voyage to the new colony. Sir Ferdinando Gorges became known as the “Father of English Colonization in North America” and the founder and governor of Maine. He also never visited New England. On December 30, 1622, his son, Robert Gorges (1595–1629), a veteran of Venetian wars, received a grant for the land “upon the north-east side of the Bay,... known as Messachusett,” including the rivers, islands, shores and coast, “for ten English miles towards the north-east,” and “thirty English miles unto the main land, through all the breadth aforesaid.” This land grant “extended from the Charles River ten miles north toward Salem” and included the future Charlestown. According to William Bradford, “About the middle of September [1623], this expedition arrived with “Captain Robart Gorges in the Bay of Massachusetts, with sundry passengers and families, intending there to begin a plantation.” In 1623, Robert Gorges was appointed by the Plymouth Council as Lieutenant-General of New England. He had a personal grant of a tract of land on the northeast side of Massachusetts Bay (from the Charles River 10 miles north toward Salem, including Charlestown, Chelsea, Revere, Winthrop and East Boston) in consideration of his father’s services to the company. On March 18, 1623, Edward Cox and other members of the New England Council decided “to join Captain Robert Gorges in his New England plantation.” In September 1623, Robert Gorges, with a few immigrants from England, built a settlement at Wessagusset (Weymouth). However, his eff orts to establish a prosperous colony failed, maybe due to his outdated attitudes toward colonists and colonization that were based on feudal traditions. He considered the settlements as aristocratic undertakings and proposed that settlers should be regarded as tenants, not as landholders, and that they should be tied to the land where they were “planted.” Such views contradicted those of the Pilgrims and Puritans, who considered themselves freemen and free owners of the land. After working for a year on establishing a colony, Robert Gorges returned to England, appointing agents to take care of his property. Most of the settlers returned with Gorges to England – “Some out of discontent and dislike of the country, others by reason of a fi re that broke out and burnt the houses they lived in and all their provisions.” William Bradford (1590–1657) – governor of the Plymouth Colony and commissioner and president of the United Colonies of New England (that included Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth Colony, Saybrook Colony (Connecticut) and New Haven and existed from 1643 till the early 1680s) – wrote with some irony: “The Governor [Robert Gorges] and some that depended upon him returned for England, having scarcely saluted the country in his government, not fi nding the state of things here to answer his quality and condition.” To be continued… (Inna Babitskaya is a Malden historian, member of the Malden Historical Commission and author of historical books “From Maldon to Malden,” “Time of Converse” and “Fellsmere Park – Emerald of Malden.”) CITY OF MALDEN Forest Dale Cemetery 150 Forest Street Malden, MA 02148 Telephone: 781-397-7191 / Fax: 781-388-0849 Christopher Rosa., Superintendent of Cemeteries / Tree Warden LEGAL NOTICE CITY OF MALDEN PUBLIC TREE HEARING In accordance with the provisions of Massachusetts General Law, Chapter 87, Section 3, notice is herewith given that a public hearing will be held at 6:00 P.M. on Thursday, the 25th day of April, 2024 at Malden City Hall Conference Room 108, 215 Pleasant Street, Malden, Massachusetts for the purpose of determining if the sixteen (16) public shade trees shall be removed or remain per the Tree Warden of the City of Malden. The trees are located at or around the address’s identified below: Address Street ADA COMPLIANCE 50 CRYSTAL STREET 50 CRYSTAL STREET 50 CRYSTAL STREET 50 CRYSTAL STREET 50 CRYSTAL STREET 50 CRYSTAL STREET 50 CRYSTAL STREET 50 CRYSTAL STREET 245 HARVARD STREET 33 WINTHROP STREET 29 WINTHROP STREET 22 WINTHROP STREET 58 GLENWOOD STREET 58 BELTRAN STREET 49 BELTRAN STREET 17 FRANCIS STREET DBH (IN) 21 16 17 11 16 14 22 20 24 21 22 14 16 21 20 15 Common Name HONEYLOCUST HONEYLOCUST HONEYLOCUST HONEYLOCUST HONEYLOCUST HONEYLOCUST HONEYLOCUST HONEYLOCUST HONEYLOCUST RED MAPLE RED MAPLE CALLERY PEAR RED MAPLE NORWAY MAPLE RED MAPLE WHITE ASH OBJECTIONS TO THE REMOVAL OF ANY TREE(S) MUST BE RECEIVED IN WRITING BY THE TREE WARDEN AT THE ABOVE LISTED ADDRESS PRIOR TO OR AT THE TREE HEARING. Christopher Rosa City of Malden Tree Warden April 12, 19, 2024

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