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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1 I. HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS IN THE BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS CONTEXT ....................................................................... 4 1. What is a human rights defender? .................................................................................. 4 2. Risks faced by defenders working on issues of business and human rights .................. 4 3. Protecting and respecting human rights defenders, at home and abroad .................... 5 3.1. The State obligation to protect human rights defenders ....................................... 6 3.2. The business responsibility, and the business case, to respect human rights defenders ............................................................................................................................. 7 3.3. Extraterritorial obligations ....................................................................................... 9 II. HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS IN NAP PROCESSES .................... 10 1. Engaging with human rights defenders ......................................................................... 10 2. Checklist for involving human rights defenders in NAPs .............................................. 11 III. PROTECTING AND SUPPORTING HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS IN NAP CONTENT ..................................................................... 13 1. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ................................................................................. 14 1.1 International standards and cooperation ............................................................... 14 1.2 Specific laws for the recognition and protection of human rights defenders ....... 15 1.3 Specific policies and initiatives for the recognition and protection of human rights defenders ........................................................................................................................... 16 1.4 General laws and policies which support or enable the work of human rights defenders ........................................................................................................................... 17 1.5 Extraterritorial responsibilities of the State in regards to the recognition and protection of human rights defenders .............................................................................. 19 2. EXPECTATIONS, INCENTIVES, AND SANCTIONS ON BUSINESS ..................................... 21 3. REDRESS AND REMEDY .................................................................................................. 23 3.1 4. CONTEXT ........................................................................................................................ 25 ENDNOTES .............................................................................. 26 Accessing remedy .................................................................................................... 23 3.2 Ending the criminalisation of human rights defenders .......................................... 24