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2. EXPECTATIONS, INCENTIVES, AND SANCTIONS ON BUSINESS States should assess what laws, policies, and mechanisms exist to educate and incentivise business to fulfil its duty to contribute to a safe and enabling environment for human rights defenders, both an home and abroad, and to sanction actions by business that threaten this environment. ARTICULATION OF THE BUSINESS RESPONSIBILITY • Is the responsibility of business to respect and support human rights defenders and contribute to a safe and enabling environment for their work clearly established in law and policy? If so, are there appropriate monitoring mechanisms and sanctions to enforce this duty? • Is the responsibility of business to consult and engage with human rights defenders in the identification, mitigation, and remediation of adverse human rights impacts of their operations, (e.g. through due diligence policies and impact assessments) clearly established in law and policy? Most relevant to Sections 2.1, 3.1 and 3.2 of the full NBA Template. Status/Gaps: AWARENESS RAISING • Are there laws and policies in place that raise business awareness of, and encourage proactive engagement in, the role and protection needs of human rights defenders, both on a systemic level and in relation to individual cases of threats, attacks, or restrictions? Most relevant to Sections 3.2 and 3.4 of the full NBA Template. Status/Gaps: ENGAGEMENT • Does the State facilitate constructive dialogue between State and company representatives, human rights defenders, and affected communities regarding allegations of human rights violations in host countries as a result of business activities? • Are businesses encouraged to proactively protect defenders against abuse where the actor involved in the alleged or potential abuse is related to the businesses’ conduct and neglecting to do so would result in damage that could otherwise be avoided? Most relevant to Sections 3.2 and 3.4 of the full NBA Template. Status/Gaps: RECOGNITION • Are there joint initiatives with business officials to make public declarations recognising the important and legitimate role of human rights defenders in mitigating the negative human rights effects of economic projects, and to condemn threats and violence against human rights defenders? Most relevant to Section 3.2 of the full NBA Template. Status/Gaps: SANCTIONS • Are sanctions and/or measures against agencies, contractors, majority state-­owned enterprises, or commercial partners for interfering with the safe and enabling environment for defenders clearly defined in law and policy? Most relevant to Section 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1 and 6.2 of the full NBA Template. Status/Gaps: 21