bldk fuekZ.k rhljs “krkCnh esa lezkV v”kksd us djok;k Fkk] ,d fo[;kr f”k{kk dsaæ cuk gS ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd ukyUnk fo”o dk çkphure fo”ofo/kky; gS 12 lky rd phuh Hkze.kdkjh gsulkax us bl dsaæ esa f”k{kk xzg.k dh Fkh ukyUnk ds cps vo”ks"kksa esa Nk=ksa ds jgus dk LFky] Lrwi] eB] eafnj vkfn gS fo”ofo/kky; ds chpks&chp ekU;qesUV nhokj] ckx] uo ukyUnk] egkfogkj o vkVZ xSyjh gSa iqjkrRo E;wft;e] bafnjk xka/kh eqäkaxu fo”ofo/kky; Hkh ;gka gSA /oalko”ks"kksa ij ?kwers gq, flj xoZ ls mUur gks tkrk gSA lfn;ksa igys Hkkjr KkuHkwfe ds :i esa fo[;kr FkkA ns”k&fons”k ls Nk= ;gka i<+us vkrs FksA phuh ;k=h Qkfg;ku vkSj ºosu lkax us foLrkj ls ukyank ds ckjs esa fy[kk gSA dgrs gSa vHkh rd bl çkphu fo”ofo|ky; ds /oalko”ks"k ds dkQh fgLls tehu ds vanj ncs iM+s gSaA vxj mR[kuu ds ckn laiw.kZ fo”ofo|ky; lkeus vk tk, rks gesa vius xkSjo”kkyh vrhr dh lgh tkudkjh feysxhA ckS}ksa ds fy, jktxhj dk fo”ks"k egRo gSA Hkxoku cq} us vius thou ds egRoiw.kZ o"kZ ;gka fcrk, FksA eqaxsj eqaxsj fcgkj ds vafre uokc ehjdkfle dh jkt/kkuh Fkh fdys ds vo”ks"k miyC/k gS vkt Hkh oSls egkHkkjr dkyhu ;qx esa ukyank Hkh bldk ftØ gksrk gS ;gka ehjdkfle }kjk fufeZr ml le; bldk uke eksnfxjh FkkA ehj dkfle dh xqQk ?kkV ds Bhd lkeus gS lkFk gh lkglqtk dk çlkn vkSj ty ds chp Vkiw ij lhrk pj.k eafnj gSA ukjk;.k ckx esa cPpksa ds euksjatu dk mÙke ifjos”k gS /keZ”kkyk ds ikl gh çkphu f”ko eafnj fLFkr gS A lhrkth dh vfXu ijh{kk dh le; bl dq.M dk míHko gqvk Fkk ;g “kgj ls 6 fdeh- dh nwjh ij fLFkr gS lkFk gh vU; rIrdq.M Hkh gS fudV gh nsoh p.Mh dk eafnj gS ftldh nwljh eafty esa f”ko o nqxkZ dh ewfrZ;ka gS lhrk dq.M ls 10 fdeh- nwj fLFkr gS #”khdq.M ;k rIr ty dq.M gS ;g bykdk ?kus taxy ls f?kjk gqvk gSA ;gka ds fuoklh bldh l?kurk ds dkj.k bls fcgkj dk pEcy dgrs gSa A fleqyryk pkjksa rjQ igkMh;ksa ls f?kjh gq;h gSaA n”kZukFkhZ ;gka ij çk—frd utkjksa dk vkuan rFkk LoPN gok }kjk LokLF; ykHk ysus ds fy;s ;gka vkrs gSaA Hkwrdky ls gh ;gka LokLF; çnku djus dk ifo= dk;Z fd;k tkrk gS nk;ha rjQ gkml vkQ dkeal ikl gh yVw igkM+ jktckM+h] lsu lkgcksa dk Vsful dksVZ vkfn dk n”kZu bl igkMh ij fd;k tk ldrk gS oS'kkyh fleqyryk ,sfrgkfld dFkk ds vuqlkj tc Hkxoku egkohj ds “kjhj dh ifo= HkLe dks muds Hkäks us mBk fy;k FkkA Hkäksa dh rknkn vkSj vla[; Fkh urhtk ;g gqvk fd tc HkLe lekIr gks xbZ rc HkLe ds Li”kZ ls ifo= gqbZ feêh dks gh Hkä lkFk ys tkus yxsA bldk çkjafHkd uke fo”kkyiwjh Fkk tksfd vc oS”kkyh gks x;k gS 1550 bZ- iwoZ onZ~eku egkohj dk tUe oS”kkyh dh miuxjh dqaHk xzke esa gqvk Fkk egkohj çFke tSu rhFkZdj Fks ;gka fufeZr egkRek xka/kh lsrq nf{k.k fcgkj ls iVuk “kgj dks tksM+rk gS ;g lsrq fuekZ.k dyk dk vnHkwr uewuk gS fudV gh v”kksd LraHk] cks) Lrwi] prqHkqZt egknso] E;wft;e esa cq) HkLe] rkez eqæk,a] lksus ds VqdM+s vkfn vfHk"ksd] iq"idfj.kh] jktk fo”kky dk fdyk] ehjtuh dh njxkg] gfj dVksjk eafnj] iky ;qx dk ckou iks[kjk vkfn n”kZuh; gS okYehfd jk"Vªh; m|ku paikj.k esa f”kokfyd ioZr Js.kh ds ckgjh lhek esa fLFkr gSA ;g vHk;kj.; iwjh rjg ls gfj;kyh ls vkPNkfnr gSA 900 xt esa QSyk okYehfd jk"Vªh; m|ku fcgkj dk çeq[k i;ZVu LFky gS - ;g ikdZ mÙkj esa usiky ds j”;y fprou us”kuy ikdZ vkSj if”pe esa fgeky; ioZr dh xaMd unh ls f?kjk gqvk gSA;gka tYn gh og LFky fo”kky xïs esa ifjorZu gks x;k vkSj ogka ty fudy vk;k mlh ;kn esa dey ljksoj dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k A ;g ljksoj dey iq"iksa ls Hkjk gS bl ljksoj dk fuekZ.k lQsn laxejej ls gqvk gS eafnj esa Hkxoku egkohj ds infpg~ dh Nk;k iwtuh; gS fudV gh caxky ds iky oa”k ds fo[;kr xksiky }kjk fufeZr fcgkj o “kjhQ O;fäRo ihj e[knwe “kkg dh lekf/k Hkh n”kZuh; gSA ek¡ lhrk ds tUeLFkyh ls fo[;kr lhrke<+h dks lhrk ds tUeLFkku ds :i esa ekuk tkrk gS] lhrke<+h ds iwukSjk uked LFkku ij tc jktk tud us [ksr esa gy tksrs] rks ml le; /kjrh ls lhrk th dk tUe gqvk FkkA lhrk th ds tUe ds dkj.k bl uxj dk uke lhrke<+h iM+kA lhrke<+h ds çeq[k i;ZVu LFky tkudh LFkku eafnj]mchZtk dqaM]gys”oj LFkku]iaFk ikdM+]cxgh eB vkfn çeq[k gS lhrke<+h ikokiqjh okYehfd jk"Vªh; m|ku ij vki ck?k] HksfM,] fgj.k] “ksjks] phrs] vtxj] ihQksy] phry] lkaHkj] uhy xk;] gkbuk] Hkkjrh; lhosV] taxyh fcfYy;ka] g”x Mh;j] taxyh dqÙks] ,d lhax okys jkbuksfljksl rFkk Hkkjrh; HkSals dHkh dHkkj fprou ls pydj okYehfd uxj esa vk tkrs gSaA bl m|ku esa vki phry] dkyk fgj.k] fQf”kax dSV~l] rsanq, vkfn Hkh ns[k ldrs gSaA 21
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